Search results for "Stress resistance"
showing 10 items of 10 documents
Biomarkes of aging
2009
Ageing is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the different systems and its ability to function. On the other hand, the rate of ageing in humans is not uniform, due to genetic heterogeneity and the influence of environmental factors. Thus, the ageing rate, measured as the decline of functional capacity and stress resistance, seems to be different in every individual. Therefore, attempts have been made to analyse this individual age, the so-called biological age, in comparison to chronological age. Age-related changes in body function or composition that could serve as a measure of biological age and predict the onset of age-related diseases and/or residual lifetime …
Conserved role of Ras-GEFs in promoting aging: from yeast to mice
2011
RasGRF1 is a Ras-guanine nucleotide exchange factor implicated in a variety of physiological processes including learning and memory and glucose homeostasis. To determine the role of RASGRF1 in aging, lifespan and metabolic parameters were analyzed in aged RasGrf1(-/-) mice. We observed that mice deficient for RasGrf1(-/-) display an increase in average and most importantly, in maximal lifespan (20% higher than controls). This was not due to the role of Ras in cancer because tumor-free survival was also enhanced in these animals. Aged RasGrf1(-/-) displayed better motor coordination than control mice. Protection against oxidative stress was similarly preserved in old RasGrf1(-/-). IGF-I lev…
Purine Auxotrophic Starvation Evokes Phenotype Similar to Stationary Phase Cells in Budding Yeast
2021
Purine auxotrophy is an abundant trait among eukaryotic parasites and a typical marker for many budding yeast strains. Supplementation with an additional purine source (such as adenine) is necessary to cultivate these strains. If not supplied in adequate amounts, purine starvation sets in. We explored purine starvation effects in a model organism, a budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ade8 knockout, at the level of cellular morphology, central carbon metabolism, and global transcriptome. We observed that purine-starved cells stopped their cycle in G1/G0 state and accumulated trehalose, and the intracellular concentration of AXP decreased, but adenylate charge remained stable. Cells becam…
Characterization and variation of bacterial and fungal communities from the sapwood of Apulian olive varieties with different susceptibility toXylell…
2020
AbstractEndophytes are symptomless fungal and/or bacterial microorganisms found in almost all living plant species. The symbiotic association with their host plants by colonizing the internal tissues has endowed them as a valuable tool to suppress diseases, to stimulate growth, and to promote stress resistance. In this context, the identification of cultivable endophytes residing the sapwood of Apulian olives might be a promising control strategy for xylem colonizing pathogens asXylella fatidiosa. To date, olive’s sapwood cultivable endophytes are still under exploration; therefore, this work pursues a study of diversity and occurrence variation of cultivable endophytes in the sapwood of di…
Biomarkers and Inflammatory Network in Aging
2014
Abstract Humans are characterized by a large heterogeneity in lifespans. The aging rate, measured as a decline of functional capacity and stress resistance, is different in every individual. Several attempts have been made to define the so-called biological age, but without achieving real success. Biomarkers of aging, which are represented by biological indicators selected using appropriate criteria, should help to characterize the biological age. Since age is a major risk factor in many degenerative diseases, such biomarkers could subsequently be used to identify individuals at a high risk of developing age-associated diseases or disabilities. In this chapter, some inflammatory biomarkers …
A radical signal activates the epigenetic regulation of longevity
2013
Hormesis is an adaptive stress response implicated in longevity regulation. Schroeder et al. (2013) have now connected stress, epigenetic changes, and aging in yeast by showing that mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species modulate the chromatin binding capacity of the histone demethylase Rph1p at subtelomeres, resulting in lifespan extension.
Regolazione della longevità in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ruolo di micro e macronutrienti nella modulazione dell'invecchiamento negli eucarioti
2014
In diversi organismi, dal lievito ai mammiferi, è stato osservato che la riduzione dell'introito calorico aumenta la sopravvivenza e protegge dall'insorgenza di numerose patologie associate all'età. Il meccanismo molecolare tramite cui questo effetto si realizza non è ancora chiaro. Questa ricerca mette in evidenza il ruolo di singoli nutrienti nella sensibilizzazione agli stress e nella promozione dell'invecchiamento, identifica in particolare tre specifici aminoacidi che agiscono da segnalatori pro-aging e descrive le vie molecolari attraverso cui tali molecole agiscono. Poiché i pathway di segnalazione coinvolti nell'invecchiamento e nella risposta ai nutrienti sono significativamente co…
Serine- and Threonine/Valine-Dependent Activation of PDK and Tor Orthologs Converge on Sch9 to Promote Aging
2014
Dietary restriction extends longevity in organisms ranging from bacteria to mice and protects primates from a variety of diseases, but the contribution of each dietary component to aging is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that glucose and specific amino acids promote stress sensitization and aging through the differential activation of the Ras/cAMP/PKA, PKH1/2 and Tor/S6K pathways. Whereas glucose sensitized cells through a Ras-dependent mechanism, threonine and valine promoted cellular sensitization and aging primarily by activating the Tor/S6K pathway and serine promoted sensitization via PDK1 orthologs Pkh1/2. Serine, threonine and valine activated a signaling network in which Sch…
No performance reduction at the present northern edge of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. invasion range
2014
Plant populations at range edges may exhibit reduction of performances and fitness. In the case of biological invasions, such a reduction could be associated with a slowing down of the spread and explain the non-naturalization of a species outside its present invasion range. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an ideal model to investigate such processes, since it is invasive in France but not naturalized in northern countries, such as Belgium and the Netherlands. In this study, we test if the performances of ragweed populations vary among different invasion zones. Three populations were selected in each of four invasion zones in Western Europe: 1) French invasion area; 2) northe…
The yeast chronological lifespan to study aging and disease
2009
The yeast chronological lifespan to study aging and disease. In S.N. Witt (a cura di), yeast as a model for human disease.